A pattern of domination, restriction, intimidation, or enforced dependency.

Repeated degrading, threatening, manipulative, or emotionally harmful conduct.

Reported fear or perception of danger, harm, exposure, or loss.

A victim, survivor, witness, or other affected person reportedly sought safety or support, disclosed abuse or danger, or contacted trusted people, services, or authorities.

Distress or hostility associated with a perceived relationship rival or loss.

Specific dissatisfaction within a marriage, explained through the narrated circumstances.

Reduced access to supportive family, friends, or community ties.

Withdrawal or a reported reduction in ordinary social or daily functioning.