Family disapproval, pressure, or involvement affecting the relationship.

A pattern of domination, restriction, intimidation, or enforced dependency.

Lying, secrecy, or concealment before or during the relationship conflict.

Intensification of distress, hostility, conflict, or perceived threat.

Distress or hostility associated with a perceived relationship rival or loss.

Specific dissatisfaction within a marriage, explained through the narrated circumstances.

Reduced access to supportive family, friends, or community ties.

Reported anger, hostility, bitterness, or sustained resentment.

Dependency or attachment-related fear supported by the narrated relationship behavior.

Repeated degrading, threatening, manipulative, or emotionally harmful conduct.