Intensification of distress, hostility, conflict, or perceived threat.

Family disapproval, pressure, or involvement affecting the relationship.

Repeated or prolonged conflict between people in the case.

A pattern of domination, restriction, intimidation, or enforced dependency.

A victim, survivor, witness, or other affected person reportedly sought safety or support, disclosed abuse or danger, or contacted trusted people, services, or authorities.

Distress or hostility associated with a perceived relationship rival or loss.

Constructive efforts to manage distress, loss, conflict, or danger.

Lying, secrecy, or concealment before or during the relationship conflict.

Reported fear or perception of danger, harm, exposure, or loss.

Rapid reactive aggression with limited evidence of advance preparation.