Repeated or prolonged conflict between people in the case.

A pattern of domination, restriction, intimidation, or enforced dependency.

Intensification of distress, hostility, conflict, or perceived threat.

Family disapproval, pressure, or involvement affecting the relationship.

Aggression used deliberately to achieve another objective.

Distress or hostility associated with a perceived relationship rival or loss.

Specific dissatisfaction within a marriage, explained through the narrated circumstances.

Persistent focus on a person, grievance, threat, or relationship problem.

Reduced access to supportive family, friends, or community ties.