Reported anger, hostility, bitterness, or sustained resentment.

A pattern of domination, restriction, intimidation, or enforced dependency.

Lying, secrecy, or concealment before or during the relationship conflict.

Actions intended to avoid identification, apprehension, or accountability.

Family disapproval, pressure, or involvement affecting the relationship.

A victim, survivor, witness, or other affected person reportedly sought safety or support, disclosed abuse or danger, or contacted trusted people, services, or authorities.

Attempts to shape how family, the public, or authorities understand the person or incident.

Distress or hostility associated with a perceived relationship rival or loss.

Advance preparation, coordination, or deliberate selection of method or opportunity.

Reported violence or threats preceding the focal incident.