Family disapproval, pressure, or involvement affecting the relationship.

A pattern of domination, restriction, intimidation, or enforced dependency.

Persistent focus on a person, grievance, threat, or relationship problem.

Conflict involving broader family roles, loyalties, pressure, or household dynamics.

Lying, secrecy, or concealment before or during the relationship conflict.

Distress or hostility associated with a perceived relationship rival or loss.

Narrated depressive-type symptoms without implying an unreported clinical diagnosis.

Repeated degrading, threatening, manipulative, or emotionally harmful conduct.

Intensification of distress, hostility, conflict, or perceived threat.

A victim, survivor, witness, or other affected person reportedly sought safety or support, disclosed abuse or danger, or contacted trusted people, services, or authorities.