A pattern of domination, restriction, intimidation, or enforced dependency.

Lying, secrecy, or concealment before or during the relationship conflict.

Intensification of distress, hostility, conflict, or perceived threat.

Family disapproval, pressure, or involvement affecting the relationship.

Financial pressure, exploitation, or dependency affecting the relationship.

Responses associated with the death or loss of a significant person.

Aggression used deliberately to achieve another objective.

Advance preparation, coordination, or deliberate selection of method or opportunity.

Actual or perceived risk of separation, rejection, or abandonment.

Reduced access to supportive family, friends, or community ties.